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We contribute to the theory of orders of number fields. We define a notion of ray class group associated to an arbitrary order in a number field together with an arbitrary ray class modulus for that order (including Archimedean data), constructed using invertible fractional ideals of the order. We show existence of ray class fields corresponding to the class groups. These ray class groups (resp., ray class fields) specialize to classical ray class groups (resp., fields) of a number field in the case of the maximal order, and they specialize to ring class groups (resp., fields) of orders in the case of trivial modulus. We give exact sequences for simultaneous change of order and change of modulus. As a consequence, we identify the ray class field of an order with a given modulus as a specific subfield of a ray class field of the maximal order with a larger modulus. We also uniquely describe each ray class field of an order in terms of the splitting behavior of primes. 

Abstract We improve upon the traditional error term in the truncated Perron formula for the logarithm of anL-function. All our constants are explicit. 

The Alternative Hypothesis (AH) concerns a hypothetical and unlikely picture of how zeros of the Riemann zeta function are spaced, which one would like to rule out. In the Alternative Hypothesis, the renormalized distance between non-trivial zeros is supposed to always lie at a half integer. It is known that the Alternative Hypothesis is compatible with what is known about the pair correlation function of zeta zeros. We ask whether what is currently known about higher correlation functionsof the zeros is sufficient to rule out the Alternative Hypothesis and show by construction of an explicit counterexample point process that it is not. A similar result was recently independently obtained by Tao, using slightly different methods. We also apply the ergodic theorem to this point process to show there exists a deterministic collection of points lying in 1/2 Z, which satisfy the Alternative Hypothesis spacing, but mimic the local statistics that are currently known about zeros of the zeta function. 

We say that one point process on the line R mimics another at a bandwidth B if for each n ≥ 1 the two point processes have n-level correlation functions that agree when integrated against all band-limited test functions on bandwidth [−B, B]. This paper asks the question of for what values a and B can a given point process on the real line be mimicked at bandwidth B by a point process supported on the lattice aZ. For Poisson point processes we give a complete answer for allowed parameter ranges (a,B), and for the sine process we give existence and nonexistence regions for parameter ranges. The results for the sine process have an application to the Alternative Hypothesis regarding the scaled spacing of zeros of the Riemann zeta function, given in a companion paper.